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Subject: SPACE Digest V9 #601

SPACE Digest                                      Volume 9 : Issue 601

Today's Topics:
         Successful planetary probes list (Forwarded)
                 Re: Moonwalk
          Re: Space telescope - why only 1200 hours?
           re does this proposal make sense
             Re: Henry's (not Weinhards)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 30 Jul 89 19:07:38 GMT
From: trident.arc.nasa.gov![e-mail]  (Peter E. Yee)
Subject: Successful planetary probes list (Forwarded)

(Important information on receiving and printing this file:
        The file is 106 characters in width and 164 lines
     deep exclusive of this header information.
----------------------------

SUCCESSFUL PLANETARY PROBES - THOSE LAUNCHED AND WHICH
MAINTAINED AT LEAST COMMUNICATIONS CAPABILITY WITH EARTH
               (version 2 incorporating corrections, amplifications)

DATE            NAME       OWNER         WEIGHT    CURRENT STATUS

Jan 2,1959      Luna 1      USSR     361       space probe now in solar orbit
Mar 3,1959      Pioneer 4     US     5.9       space probe now in solar orbit
Sep 12,1959     Luna 2      USSR     387       lunar probe impacted surface of moon
Oct 4,1959      Luna 3      USSR     278.5     lunar probe in earth-moon orbit, now
decayed
Mar 11,1960     Pioneer 5     US     43        space probe now in solar orbit
Apr 12,1960     Luna 4      USSR     300       failed to orbit moon, lost in space
Feb 12,1961     Venera 1    USSR     643.5     Venus probe now in solar orbit
Jan 26,1962     Ranger 3      US     327       lunar probe, missed moon now in solar
orbit
Apr 23,1962     Ranger 4      US     328       lunar probe impacted surface of moon
Aug 27,1962     Mariner 2     US     201       Venus flyby now in solar orbit
Oct 18,1962     Ranger 5      US     340       lunar flyby now in solar orbit
Apr 2,1963      Luna 4      USSR     1,422     lunar probe now in earth-moon orbit
Jan 30,1964     Ranger 6      US     361.8     lunar probe impacted surface of moon
Apr 2,1964      Zond 1      USSR     890       Venus probe now in solar orbit
Jul 28,1964     Ranger 7      US     362       lunar probe sent pictures of its impact on
moon
Nov 5,1964      Mariner 3     US     260       Mars flyby attempt now in solar orbit
Nov 28,1964     Mariner 4     US     260       Mars flyby, 1st Mars photos; now in solar
orbit
Feb 17,1965     Ranger 8      US     366       lunar probe sent pictures of its impact on
moon
Mar 21,1965     Ranger 9      US     366       lunar probe sent pictures of its impact on
moon
May 9,1965      Luna 5      USSR     1,474     lunar soft-lander failed, impacted moon
Jun 8,1965      Luna 6      USSR     1,440     lunar soft-lander missed moon now in
solar orbit
Jul 18,1965     Zond 3      USSR     959       lunar flyby now in solar orbit
Oct 4,1965      Luna 7      USSR     1,504     lunar soft-lander failed, impacted moon
Nov 12,1965     Venera 2    USSR     962       Venus probe now in solar orbit
Nov 16,1965     Venera 3    USSR     958       Venus probe crashed on Venus
Dec 3,1965      Luna 8      USSR     1,550     lunar soft-lander failed, impacted moon
Dec 16,1965     Pioneer 6     US     63.4      solar probe in solar orbit still transmitting
Jan 31,1966     Luna 9      USSR     1,580     landed on lunar surface
Mar 31,1966     Luna 10     USSR     1,597     lunar probe in lunar orbit
Apr 30,1966     Surveyor 1    US     269       landed on lunar surface
Aug 10,1966     Lunar Orb. 1  US     386       orbited moon, photographed far side;
impacted on command
Aug 17,1966     Pioneer 7     US     63        solar probe in solar orbit recently turned off
Aug 24,1966     Luna 11     USSR     1,638     lunar probe in lunar orbit
Sep 20,1966     Surveyor 2    US     292       lunar soft-lander failed, impacted moon
Oct 22,1966     Luna 12     USSR     1,620     lunar probe in lunar orbit
Nov 6,1966      Lunar Orb. 2  US     390       orbited moon, photographed far side &
potential Apollo
     landing sites; impacted on command
Dec 21,1966     Luna 13     USSR     1,700     landed on lunar surface
Feb 5,1967      Lunar Orb. 3  US     385       orbited moon, photographed far side & A-
12 landing site;
     impacted on command
Apr 17,1967     Surveyor 3    US     283       landed on lunar surface (pieces brought
back)
May 4,1967      Lunar Orb. 4  US     390       orbited moon at polar inclination,
complete Earth-side
     coverage; impacted on command
Jun 12,1967     Venera 4    USSR     1,104     presumed impacted on Venus
Jun 14,1967     Mariner 5     US     244       Venus flyby now in solar orbit
Jul 14,1967     Surveyor 4    US     283       lunar soft-lander failed, impacted moon
Aug 1,1967      Lunar Orb. 5  US     389       orbited moon at polar inclination, high
resolution of many
     important sites; impacted on command
Sep 8,1967     Surveyor 5     US     279       landed on lunar surface
Nov 7,1967     Surveyor 6     US     280       landed on/took off from on lunar surface
Dec 13,1967     Pioneer 8     US     63        solar probe in solar orbit still transmitting
Jan 7,1968     Surveyor 7     US     1,036     landed on lunar surface
Apr 7,1968     Luna 14      USSR     1,700     lunar probe in lunar-solar orbit
Sep 14,1968     Zond 5      USSR     5,375     lunar fly-around, earth return
Nov 8,1968      Pioneer 9     US     63        solar probe in solar orbit, died 3/3/87
Nov 10,1968     Zond 6      USSR     5,375     lunar fly-around, earth return
Dec 21,1968     Apollo 8      US     28,883    manned lunar fly-around, earth return
Jan 5,1969      Venera 5    USSR     1,128     Venus probe presumed impacted on
Venus
Jan 10,1969     Venera 6    USSR     1,128     Venus probe presumed impacted on
Venus
Feb 24,1969     Mariner 6     US     412       Mars flyby now in solar orbit
Mar 27,1969     Mariner 7     US     412       Mars flyby now in solar orbit
May 18,1969     Apollo 10     US     42,530    manned lunar fly-around, earth return
Jul 13,1969     Luna 15     USSR     2,718     lunar orbiter finally impacted on lunar
surface
Jul 16,1969     Apollo 11     US     43,811    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Jul 20,1969     Apollo 11     US               date of landing on moon, EASEP set up
Aug 8,1969      Zond 7      USSR     5,979     lunar fly-around, earth return
Nov 14,1969     Apollo 12     US     43,848    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Nov 19,1969     Apollo 12     US               date of landing on moon, ALSEP 12 set up
Apr 11,1970     Apollo 13     US     43,924    manned lunar fly-by, rescue, earth return
Sep 12,1970     Luna 16     USSR     5,600     lunar landing, sample return, earth
return
Nov 10,1970     Luna 17     USSR     5,600     lunar landing, automated rover
Jan 31,1971     Apollo 14     US     44,456    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Feb 5,1971      Apollo 14     US               date of landing on moon, ALSEP 14 set up
May 19,1971     Mars 2      USSR     4,650     Mars landing, no planetary data
May 28,1971     Mars 3      USSR     4,643     Mars landing, no planetary data
May 30,1971     Mariner 9     US     974       Succesful Mars orbiter still in Mars orbit
Jul 26,1971     Apollo 15     US     46,723    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Jul 30,1971     Apollo 15     US               date of landing on moon, ALSEP 15 set up
Aug 4,1971      P&F subsat.   US     36        launched into lunar orbit from Apollo 15
Sep 2,1971      Luna 18     USSR     5,600     lunar orbiter finally impacted on lunar
surface
Sep 28,1971     Luna 19     USSR     5,600     lunar orbiter now in lunar orbit
Nov 14,1971     Mariner 9     US               date entered Mars orbit
Feb 14,1972     Luna 20     USSR     5,600     lunar landing, sample return, earth
return
Mar 3,1972      Pioneer 10    US     259       Jupiter probe then left solar system
Mar 27,1972     Venera 8    USSR     1,180     Venus landing
Apr 16,1972     Apollo 16     US     46,733    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Apr 21,1972     Apollo 16     US               date of landing on moon, ALSEP 16 set up
Apr 24,1972     P&F subsat.   US     36        orbited, later impacted lunar suface
(Apollo 16 launched)
Sep 23,1972     Explorer 47   US     376       cislunar probe in earth-lunar orbit
Dec 7,1972      Apollo 17     US     46,743    manned lunar landing, sample return,
earth return
Dec 12,1972     Apollo 17     US               date of landing on moon, ALSEP 17 set up
Jan 8,1973      Luna 21     USSR     4,850     lunar landing, automated rover
Apr 6,1973      Pioneer 11    US     259       Jupiter probe, Saturn probe
Jun 10,1973     Explorer 49   US     328       solar physics probe placed in lunar orbit
Jul 21,1973     Mars 4      USSR     4,650     Mars probe now in solar orbit
Jul 25,1973     Mars 5      USSR     4,650     Mars orbiter
Aug 5,1973      Mars 6      USSR     4,650     Mars lander failed now in solar orbit
Aug 9,1973      Mars 7      USSR     4,650     Mars flyby, lander failed now also in
solar orbit
Nov 3,1973      Mariner 10    US     526       Venus, Mercury flyby now in solar orbit
Dec 1,1973      Pioneer 10    US               date of Jupiter fly-by
May 29,1974     Luna 22     USSR     4,000     lunar probe now in solar orbit
Oct 28,1974     Luna 23     USSR     5,600     lunar probe crashed on lunar surface
Dec 1,1974      Pioneer 11    US               date of Jupiter fly-by
Dec 10,1974     Helios    US/FRG     370       Solar probe in solar orbit
Jun 8,1975      Venera 9    USSR     5,000     Venus probe in Venus orbit, lander set
down 10/22
Jun 14,1975     Venera 10   USSR     5,000     Venus probe in Venus orbit, lander set
down 10/25
Aug 20,1975     Viking 1      US     3,399     Mars orbiter/lander
Sep 9,1975      Viking 2      US     3,399     Mars orbiter/lander
Jan 15,1976     Helios    US/FRG     376       Solar probe in solar orbit
Jun 19,1976     Viking 1 Orb. US               date entered Mars orbit (expected decay:
2025)
Jul 20,1976     Viking 1 Land.US               date landed on Mars, now NASM exhibit
(Tim Mutch Memorial
Station)
Jul 24,1976     Viking 2 Orb. US               date entered Mars orbit (expected decay:
2025)
Aug 7,1976      Viking 2 Land.US               date landed on Mars
Aug 9,1976      Luna 24     USSR     4,800     lunar landing, sample return, earth
return
Aug 20,1977     Voyager 2     US     800       Jupiter, Saturn fly-by
Sep 5,1977      Voyager 1     US     800       Jupiter, Saturn fly-by
May 20,1978     Pioneer 12    US     582       Venus orbiter (also called Pioneer Venus
Orbiter or simply
     Pioneer Venus)
Aug 8,1978      Pioneer 13    US     904       Multi-probe of Venus atmosphere entered
12/9/78 (also called
     Pioneer Venus Probe(s))
Aug 12,1978     ISEE 3        US     479       Solar probe later sent to Giacobini-Zinner
Sep 9,1978      Venera 11   USSR     4,940     Venus lander
Sep 14,1978     Venera 12   USSR     4,940     Venus lander
Dec 21,1978     Venera 11   USSR               date landed on Venus, sent back photos
Dec 21,1978     Venera 12   USSR               date landed on Venus, sent back photos
Mar 5,1979      Voyager 1     US               date of Jupiter fly-by
Jul 9,1979      Voyager 2     US               date of Jupiter fly-by
Sep 1,1979      Pioneer 11    US               date of Saturn fly-by, escape trajectory
Nov 12,1980     Voyager 1     US               date of Saturn fly-by
Aug 26,1981     Voyager 2     US               date of Saturn fly-by
Oct 30,1981     Venera 13   USSR     4,000     Venus lander
Nov 4,1981      Venera 14   USSR     4,000     Venus lander
Mar 1,1982      Venera 13   USSR               date landed on Venus, sent back photos
Mar 1,1982      Venera 14   USSR               date landed on Venus, sent back photos
Jun 2,1983      Venera 15   USSR     4,000     Venus radar mapper
Jun 7,1983      Venera 16   USSR     4,000     Venus radar mapper
Jun 13,1983     Pioneer 10    US               date Pioneer 10 crossed orbit boundary of
Pluto
Oct 10,1983     Venera 15   USSR               date arrived at Venus
Oct 14,1983     Venera 16   USSR               date arrived at Venus
Dec 15,1984     Vega 1      USSR     4,000     Venus/Comet Halley probe now in solar
orbit
Dec 21,1984     Vega 2      USSR     4,000     Venus/Comet Halley probe now in solar
orbit
Jan 7,1985      Sakigake   Japan     141       Comet Halley probe
Jul 2,1985      Giotto       ESA     512       Comet Halley probe
Aug 18,1985     Suisei     Japan     141       Comet Halley probe
Sep 11,1985     ISEE 3        US               date of flyby of Comet Giacobini-Zinner
Jan 24,1986     Voyager 2     US               date of Uranus fly-by
Mar 1,1986      Sakigake   Japan               date of flyby of Comet Halley
Mar 6,1986      Vega 1      USSR               date of flyby of Comet Halley
Mar 8,1986      Suisei     Japan               date of flyby of Comet Halley
Mar 9,1986      Vega 2      USSR               date of flyby of Comet Halley
Mar 13,1986     Giotto       ESA               date of flyby of Comet Halley
Jul 7,1988      Phobos 1    USSR     14,000    lost through command error 9/2/88
Jul 12,1988     Phobos 2    USSR     14,000    Mars orbiter/Phobos lander
Jan 30,1989     Phobos 2    USSR               date of Mars orbit insertion
May 4,1989      Magellan      US               Venus radar mapper deployed by STS-30
Aug 24,1989     Voyager 2     US               date of Neptune fly-by
Aug 10,1990     Magellan      US               date of expected Venus orbit insertion


(user notice:  if you find errors, believe amplification would
benefit others or have other corrections, please post the information
to Charles Redmond (fax [phone]; NASAMail CREDMOND; or c/o
Code E, NASA HQ, Washington DC 20546.  This file will be kept
updated.  Also, please feel free to distribute widely, the sources
are "NASA Pocket Statistics," TRW "Space Log," and periodical
recapitulations published by "Mercury" (Astronomical Society of
the Pacific), "Sky & Telescope" (Sky Publishing), and "Astronomy"
(Astro Media, Inc.).  Other recommended sources will also be
used as I come by them.

Chas Redmond
Code E Public Affairs Officer
7/29/89
Washington, DC

------------------------------

Date: Sun, 30 Jul 89 14:44:40 CDT
From: [e-mail] (Harold E Mueller)
Subject: Re: Moonwalk


The unattributed LM liftoff footage wasn't the only thing the CBS special
tried to slip past us.  Their animation of CM/LM separation showed
LM legs still retracted (they were extended by then).  CBS said the SM engine
burn on lunar arrival was to keep the spacecraft from crashing into
the moon; actually it was to change their free-return trajectory (return
to earth if they do nothing) into a lunar orbit.  And the balloons
deployed by the CM on splashdown were said to be necessary for flotation
(I think they were for stability indeed).  Close enough for TV news, though.

Hal Mueller                  [e-mail]
Grad Student, CS Dept.       n270ca@tamunix (Bitnet)
Texas A&M University         [phone]

"Don't think, just throw."

------------------------------

Date: 30 Jul 89 20:02:59 GMT
From: mist![e-mail]  (Ritchey Ruff)
Subject: Re: Space telescope - why only 1200 hours?

well, my prof. is working on an AI-type schedualer for the Hubble Scope
so this is what he got from some Ames friends (as I remember it).

    1. it repositions at about the speed of a minute hand;
    2. it can't point at the sun;
    3. because of the low orbit the moon and earth block large
       sections of the sky each orbit;
    4. it can't point the same direction as it is traveling
       (space garbage being scooped up into the scope and
       hitting the primary---yucko!);

these are the big ones.  Science had a good article early this summer
about lots of this---only something like 30% of the actual time is it
able to observe (that's 2628 hours per year), and this does not take into
account moving it between observations, etc.  also it is down some percent
of the time for calibration and testing.  all in all it would be much nicer
to have an unmanned scope on the back side of the moon!
(Listening, Danno Quail? ;-)

--ritchey ruff            [e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 30 Jul 89 16:39:00 GMT
From: apollo![e-mail]  (Peter Nelson)
Subject: re does this proposal make sense



  [e-mail] (Dan Pezely) posts...

>I saw an advertisement a year or so ago from one of the space
>contractors involved in the space station.  They stated that if every
>American contributed less than 2 cents a day, then there would be more
>then enough to pay for the space station.

 OK.   $.02 times 240,000,000 (people) = $ 4,800,000.
 ...times 365 (days) = 1.7 billion dollars per year.   Is this
 enough to design, build and maintain a space station?   What
 is your definition of 'space station'?

>I'm sure that not EVERY American cares about space, nor are they willing
>to pay anything.  However, if the administrative corporation sells
>preferred stock, then people willing to INVEST hundreds or thousands of
>dollars would definitely come forward.

  Why 'definitely'?  What's your evidence for this?   And why preferred
  stock?

>There are ways to achieve our goals.  Nothing will discourage us --
>Nothing!
>
>- Daniel

  This reminds me of some of those people I used to flame here a year ago
  who were saying things like "*I'M* going into space one way or the other."
  It's good to be enthusiastic but you have to maintain your grip on reality
  also.  The fact is that there are many small companies with various indep-
  endent space projects going as we speak.  One of them performed a
  successful suborbital launch only a few months ago.  And wealthy enthus-
  iasts have not exactly been beating down their doors to invest.

  Now the conspiracy fans among us will say that this is due to all the
  restrictive laws that NASA and the rest of the government have placed
  in the way.  But if there really is so much enthusiasm out there for
  a commercial space program then surely there are millions of voters who
  are hopping mad about those laws and who will happily vote-in congress-
  critters who will change those laws.

  Guess what?  There is no such enthusiasm.  The average American doesn't
  give a farthing about space, or science, or anything else having to do
  with the future.  Daniel says 'nothing' will discourage him.  Clearly
  he has never heard of 'economics' or 'politics'.

                                                         ---Peter

------------------------------

Date: 31 Jul 89 04:59:04 GMT
From: portal!cup.portal.com![e-mail]  (Paul L Schauble)
Subject: Re: Henry's (not Weinhards)

>You are staring democracy right in the face.

Which is why the authors of the Constitution did NOT make this country a
democracy.

John W Campbell used to say that there has never in the history of the world
been a democracy that lasted 100 years, and that the US would not be the
first. Depending on you viewpoint, the US became a democracy either in 1906
or 1964. I tend to believe 1964 myself.

   ++PLS

------------------------------

End of SPACE Digest V9 #601
*******************